Chinese pinyin is found in 1958. It is mainly used in standard mandarin phonetics of Chinese characters. It is a tool to help us pronounce and remember character. Chinese pinyin scheme can be traced back to 1906 at the earliest in <<江苏新字典jiānɡsūxīnzìdiǎn>> of Zhu Wenxiong,and《中国音标字书zhōnɡɡuóyīnbiāozìshū》of Liu Mengyang in 1908. All of these Chinese characters scheme to provide the basis for the establishment of Chinese pinyin.

Now Let’s see what is “pīnyīn”:

Pinyin consist of three parts : initials(声母shēnɡmǔ),finals（韵母yùnmǔ）and tones（声调shēnɡdiào. We call it a syllable. A syllable corresponds to a Chinese character.

1. Initials(声母shēnɡmǔ): it is used in front of “yùnmǔ”.

Following the "initial" is the "final", which can be classified into three types: the simple final(below red word ), compound final (below blue word )and final with a nasal ending(below black word ).

In Chinese,there are 4 tones and a neutral tone .

First tone  : it’s a high and flat sound .

Second ton : it’s a rising tone,like making a question.

Third tone : it’s a comparatively long tone falling first and then going up .

Forth tone : it’s a falling tone ,strong and short .

The neutral tone : no mark,light and short ,usually at the last syllable of a word or a phrase. Like “māmɑ,bàbɑ...”

1. When “i,in ,ing and u ”to be a syllables by himself ,”y ”and “w”should be placed before it. For example: yī,yīn,yīnɡ,wū...

2. When finals begin with “i”and “u” to be a syllables by himself ,they should be written as “y” and “w”.For example:yǒu,wéi...

3. When “ü”or finals that begin with “ü” meets the initial “j,q,x,y”,the two dots above ü should be omitted. For example: qù,yuè...

4. “iou,uei,uen”have to written as “iu,ui,un”.

5. The tone symbols have to marked on “a,o,e,i,u,ü”.

6. When the final is a compound one,according to the order “a,o,e,i,u,ü”,for example,if there is an “ a” ,then just above “a” .if not,then see if there is an “o”,and so on .For example : xiǎnɡ,wéi...

7. When the tone symbol is marked above “i”,the dot above “i”should be removed.

8. When “i”and “u”are showed in a same syllable,which final at the end then put the tone on it.For example:duì,diū...

9. Finals “er”to be toether with some other sellable . In written ,“r”directly follows other syllables.

     For example , huā---huār.

10. The syllables-dividing marks(’) is used to separate two syllables when the second syllable begin with “a,o,e”. For example: xī’ān.

11. When “z,c,s,zh,ch,sh,r”meet “i”,the “i” is not pronounce.“zi,ci,si,zhi,chi,shi,ri” just keep the original pronunciation.